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Objective To summary the hospitalization costs of lung cancer patients, and analyze the influence factors in these patients, and provide basis for controlling hospitalization costs of lung cancer patients. Methods The hospitalization costs data of hospitalized lung cancer cases in Wuhan from 2018 to 2020 were collected from medical records. Nonparametric test was used to analysis the data for single factor analysis. The patients were divided into two groups according on the upper quartile value of hospitalization cost, that is high-cost group (the cost ≥ the upper quartile value) and normal cost group (the cost “four major hospitals in Hubei” respectively. The hospital type is an independent influencing factors, compared with specialized hospital, the OR is 4.726 for general hospital. The hospitalization days is the independent influencing factors, more hospitalization days has high cost. The treatment mode is the independent influencing factors, compared with non-operative treatment, the OR is 556.129, 18.156 and 5.212 for surgical model, radio therapy model and interventional model respectively. Conclusion The age, hospital level, hospital type, hospitalization days and treatment mode are the independent influencing factors of hospitalization costs. To reduce the hospitalization cost of lung cancer patients, we should standardize the diagnosis of lung cancer patients, and focus on standardizing the treatment mode, also considering other influencing factors, such as hospital level, hospital type.
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Objective:To analyze the results of the joint screening of newborn hearing and deafness genes in Dalian to provide a reference for the prevention and control of hereditary deafness.Methods:Eight hundred and forty-two neonates born in Dalian Women and Children′s Medical Group from January 1, 2022 to May 30, 2022 were screened retrospectively, using AABR (automatic brainstem evoked potential). And 20 mutation sites of common genetic deafness 4 genes , including GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4 (PDS) and mitochondrial genes associated with drug-induced deafness (MT-RNRI)(12SrRNA), were detected by high-throughput sequencing.Results:Among the 842 newborns, 840 passed hearing screening (99.8%); 36 cases (4.3%) passed the hearing screening but not the hearing loss gene screening; 804 cases passed through the both screening (95.5%); 2 cases (0.24%) failed in the both screening. 38 cases of deafness gene mutations were detected, with a total carrying rate of 4.51% (38/842). Among them, the carrying rates of heterozygous mutations in GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4 (PDS), MT-RNRI (12SrRNA) were 1.90%, 0.24%, 1.30%, and 0.95%, respectively. The carrying rates of GJB2/GJB3 composite heterozygous mutations were 0.12%.Conclusions:The combined screening of neonatal hearing and deafness genes can reduce the missed rate of hearing screening. The carrier rate of neonatal deafness gene in Dalian is 4.51%, with the highest GJB 2 carrier rate, followed by SLC26A4 (PDS) carrier rate.
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Objective:To explore the application value of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) technology in twin pregnancy.Methods:A total of 339 twin pregnant women who underwent NIPT at Dalian Municipal Women and Children′s Medical Center(Group), Dalian Jinpu New District Maternity and Child Health Hospital, and Dalian Lvshunkou District People′s Hospital from July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2021 were continuously retrospectively included. The clinical characteristics and test results of pregnant women with high-risk and low-risk were analyzed.Results:Among 339 pregnant women, 336 were successfully tested, with a success rate of 99.12%(336/339); 6 pregnant women were at high risk of NIPT, with a positive screening rate of 1.77%(6/339), including 1 case of high risk of trisomy 13, 2 cases of high risk of trisomy 18, and 3 cases of high risk of Trisomy 21; the results of amniocentesis for 2 high-risk pregnant women were not abnormal.Conclusions:NIPT technology is non-invasive, safe and efficient, and is suitable for large-scale prenatal screening. However, the detection accuracy of pregnant women with twin pregnancy needs to be improved.
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A2 receptor (EphA2) is the most common subtype in the largest subfamily of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily, and is considered as a key factor in the regulation of malignant tumor progression. EphA2 is highly expressed in glioma, which plays an important role in the development and progression of glioma. This article reviews the structure, function, expression of EphA2 in glioma, and its role in glioma cell migration, maintenance of glioma stem cells, angiogenesis and targeted therapy.
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Objective:To detect and analyze the spontaneous abortion tissue by Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (Array-CGH) combined with quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR), and provide genetic guidance for spontaneous abortion prevention and prenatal testing.Methods:A total of 345 patients who were diagnosed with spontaneous abortion at Dalian Women′s and Children′s Medical Center between July 2016 to September 2019 were continuously collected. Array-CGH combined with QF-PCR technology was used to analyze and collect abortion tissues that met the inclusion criteria.Results:QF-PCR detected a total of 213 cases of abnormal chromosome number, and Array-CGH supplemented the detection of 24 cases of abnormal chromosome structure. The genetic abnormality detection rate reached 68.7% (237/345) , and common abortion tissues′ chromosomal abnormalities in this area were detected. The incidence of abortion tissues′ chromosomal abnormalities in the elder pregnant women (≥ 35 years) and earlier trimester pregnant women (<10 weeks) was significantly increased: 84.43% (141/167) vs. 53.93% (96/178), 59.42% (205/284) vs. 9.28% (32/61).Conclusions:Array-CGH combined with QF-PCR is comprehensive and complementary. Some karyotype abnormalities are more common in abortion tissues. The elder and earlier trimester pregnant women should accept genetic counseling.
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Objective To analyze the current status and trends of chronic kidney disease (CKD) burden in China from the global perspective, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of CKD in China. Methods The incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability adjusted life year (DALY) rate of China and other regions were retrieved from GBD 2019. Comparative analyses were carried out to reflect the burden of CKD. Results In 2019, the incidence and the prevalence in females were higher than those in males, while the mortality and the DALY rates in females were lower than those in males. There were obvious distinctions in different age groups and people over 65 years old had a higher CKD burden. The burden of CKD mainly came from hypertensive nephropathy and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. From 1990 to 2019, the DALY rate of CKD in China showed an overall upward trend. After eliminating the differences in age composition, the standardized DALY rate of CKD in China was higher than that in Japan, Korea and Ukraine although lower than the global. The main influencing factors of the burden of CKD were metabolic factors. Conclusion The burden of CKD in China is continuously rising. It is still necessary to pay attention to the three-level prevention and control, and focus on the key people groups and high-risk factors to further reduce the burden of CKD in China.
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Objective:To explore the application value of copy number variation sequencing(CNV-seq) combined with chromosome karyotyping technology based on next-generation sequencing technology in prenatal diagnosis.Methods:The subjects of the study were 329 pregnant women who underwent prenatal diagnosis at Dalian Municipal Women and Children′s Medical Center from January 2019 to June 2020. The amniotic fluid samples of these pregnant women were submitted for chromosome karyotype analysis, and CNV-seq testing was performed at the same time to compare the test results of the two methods.Results:A total of 53 cases of abnormal chromosomes were detected using CNV-seq combined with chromosome karyotyping technology, with an abnormal detection rate of 16.11%(53/329). Among them, 26 cases had consistent detection results, including 22 cases of aneuploidy, 2 cases of structural abnormalities and 2 cases of mosaic; CNV-seq detected 23 cases of chromosome copy number variations that were missed by karyotyping, including 17 cases of microdeletion and 6 cases of microduplication; chromosome karyotype analysis detected 4 cases of chromosome structural abnormalities that were missed by CNV-seq, including 3 cases balanced translocation and 1 case of inversion.Conclusions:CNV-seq has obvious advantages in detecting copy number variations of small fragments, which can make up for the lack of resolution of karyotyping analysis; CNV-seq combined with chromosome karyotyping analysis can improve the detection rate of abnormal chromosomes, which is important for prenatal diagnosis meaning.
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Objective To explore the influence of rs1360780 T risk allele of FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene on the brain function under resting-state and its association with clinical symptoms as well as immune function in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods Totally 147 MDD patients and 61 gender-,age-,and education-matched healthy controls were scanned with 3.0T MRI Scanner and genotyped.The peripheral serum immunoglobulin and complement were measured.The main effect of the disease,the genotype and their interaction effects were analyzed using regional homogeneity (ReHo) by two-way ANOVA.Abnormal brain activity was identified in T risk allele carriers of rs1360780 and non-risk CC individuals in MDD using post hoc analyses.Correlation analyses were performed between ReHo values of significant brain regions and the total score,five-factor scores of Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD-17),serum levels of immunoglobulin and plasma complement component in MDD patients.Results (1) The results of 2x 2 ANOVA showed the interaction effects located in the left opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus (MNI:x,y,z =-42,6,9;F=10.83),right opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus (MNI:x,y,z =30,6,33;F=15.05),left medial superior frontal gyrus (MNI:x,y,z=-9,54,0;F=9.17) and left pallidum (MNI:x,y,z =-12,6,-6;F=11.37) (Alphasim corrected,P＜ 0.05).(2) In post-hoc analyses for the main effect of genotype,T+ carriers with MDD showed increased ReHo values in the right opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus (MNI:x,y,z=60,12,6;t=2.88) compared with CC carriers;for the effect of diseaseby-genotype interaction,T+ carriers with MDD showed increased ReHo values in the right opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus (MNI:x,y,z=30,6,33;t=2.96) and decreased ReHo values in the left orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus (MNI:x,y,z =-21,9,-18;t =-3.21) (Alphasim corrected,P＜ 0.05) in contrast to CC carriers.(3)Pearson's correlation showed that the average ReHo values of the right opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus negatively correlated with the content of immunoglobulin G (r=-0.528,P=O.0016,Bonferroni corrected) and positively correlated with anxiety/somatization factor score (r=0.421,P＜0.001,Bonferroni corrected) in T + carrìers with MDD.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that rs1360780 T-risk allele of FKBP5 gene is involved in the changes of local neural activity in the right opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus of depressed patients and could potentially indicate a neuropathological mechanism of anxiety somatic symptoms and immune dysfunction in depression.
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Objective@#To evaluate the effect of high flow nasal catheter oxygen (HFNCO) therapy on extubation failure rate, reintubation rate, and incidence of related complications within 48 h after extubation in mechanically ventilation patients.@*Methods@#A prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial was conducted in the ICU of a teaching hospital affiliated to a medical university. A total of 77 patients with mechanical ventilation duration of≥ 48 h and met the condition of spontaneous breathing test (SBT) were selected. The patients whose LUS≥14 at 30 min of SBT were enrolled, and were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups according to different oxygen therapies: the traditional oxygen therapy group, the noninvasive ventilation (NIV) group, and the HFNCO group. The effect of oxygen therapy and outcomes after extubation were compared among the three groups. The measurement data were presented as the mean±standard deviation (SD), and the numeration data were expressed as ratio or constituent ratio. The independent sample t test and LSD-t test were used for the comparisons between the two groups and the one-way ANOVA for differences between multiple groups. The differences between enumeration data were assessed by chi-square test. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in gender, age and other general conditions between the two groups (P>0.05). The NIV group and HFNCO group had lower extubation failure rate (14.29%, 15.38% vs 34.87%) and reintubation rate (10.7%, 11.54% vs 21.74%) than the conventional oxygen therapy group (P<0.05). In addition, the traditional oxygen therapy group had longer mechanical ventilation duration [(24.33±4.42) d vs (8.58±1.09) d, (8.37±2.43) d], antibiotic use time [(19.21±4.37) d vs (8.34±2.54) d, (7.41±1.06) d], and ICU hospitalization time [(27.27±4.24) d vs (10.38±2.07) d, (9.44±0.79) d], all P<0.05.@*Conclusions@#Treatment with HFNCO or NIV after extubation can effectively reduce the rates of extubation failure and reintubation, and improve the outcome of the mechanical ventilation. There is no difference in clinical efficiency between the NIV group and HFNCO group. However, compared with NIV, HFNCO can effectively reduce respiratory rate and avoid the retention of CO2, which has a wider application prospect in clinical practice.
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Objective@#To prepare anti-serum against α-toxin in guinea pigs and purify anti-rHla IgG and identify it by SDS-PAGE observe the expression of Hla on the surface of yeast cells by ELISA and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy.@*Methods@#Guinea pigs were immunized with recombinant α-toxins to obtain anti-α-toxin serum and total IgG which contains anti-rHla IgG. The purity of IgG was Identified and evaluated with non-reducing SDS-PAGE. The expression of Hla was evaluated with whole cell ELISA and immunofluorescence confocal.@*Results@#The anti-α-toxin antibody of guinea pig was successfully obtained. Anti-α-toxin antibodies was captured by the protein A on the pre-packed column. The concentration of IgG in the unpurified serum was low, the α-rHla content in the flow-out peak was even lower, and the elution fraction contains IgG (α-rHla) with purity of about 85%. Through ELISA, transformant-1 and transformant-2 was identified to be positive with rHla on the surface, compared with that in the negative control. After stain with the purified anti-α-toxin IgG, the 1 yeast transformant showed green fluorescence under immunofluorescence confocal microscope. By contrast, without inducing, the 1 yeast transformant was negative with fluorescence.@*Conclusions@#The results show that Staphylococcus aureus Hla is successfully displayed on the surface of yeast, and this research could be further applied in the identification of clinical samples or pre-clinical research. This study provides two reliable methods for the development of yeast-display vaccine.
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Objective To prepare anti-serum against α-toxin in guinea pigs and purify anti-rHla IgG and identify it by SDS-PAGE observe the expression of Hla on the surface of yeast cells by ELISA and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Methods Guinea pigs were immunized with recombinant α-toxins to obtain anti-α-toxin serum and total IgG which contains anti-rHla IgG. The purity of IgG was Identified and evaluated with non-reducing SDS-PAGE. The expression of Hla was evaluated with whole cell ELISA and immunofluorescence confocal. Results The anti-α-toxin antibody of guinea pig was successfully obtained. Anti-α-toxin antibodies was captured by the protein A on the pre-packed column. The concentration of IgG in the unpurified serum was low, the α-rHla content in the flow-out peak was even lower, and the elution fraction contains IgG (α-rHla) with purity of about 85%. Through ELISA, transformant-1 and transformant-2 was identified to be positive with rHla on the surface, compared with that in the negative control. After stain with the purified anti-α-toxin IgG, the 1 yeast transformant showed green fluorescence under immunofluorescence confocal microscope. By contrast, without inducing, the 1 yeast transformant was negative with fluorescence. Conclusions The results show that Staphylococcus aureus Hla is successfully displayed on the surface of yeast, and this research could be further applied in the identification of clinical samples or pre-clinical research. This study provides two reliable methods for the development of yeast-display vaccine.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of high flow nasal catheter oxygen (HFNCO) therapy on extubation failure rate,reintubation rate,and incidence of related complications within 48 h after extubation in mechanically ventilation patients.Methods A prospective,single-center,randomized controlled trial was conducted in the ICU of a teaching hospital affiliated to a medical university.A total of 77 patients with mechanical ventilation duration of ≥ 48 h and met the condition of spontaneous breathing test (SBT) were selected.The patients whose LUS ≥ 14 at 30 min of SBT were enrolled,and were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups according to different oxygen therapies:the traditional oxygen therapy group,the noninvasive ventilation (NIV) group,and the HFNCO group.The effect of oxygen therapy and outcomes after extubation were compared among the three groups.The measurement data were presented as the mean±standard deviation (SD),and the numeration data were expressed as ratio or constituent ratio.The independent sample t test and LSD-t test were used for the comparisons between the two groups and the one-way ANOVA for differences between multiple groups.The differences between enumeration data were assessed by chi-square test.A P＜0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results There was no significant difference in gender,age and other general conditions between the two groups (P＞0.05).The NIV group and HFNCO group had lower extubation failure rate (14.29％,15.38％ vs 34.87％) and reintubation rate (10.7％,11.54％ vs 21.74％) than the convertional oxygen therapy group (P＜0.05).In addition,the traditional oxygen therapy group had longer mechanical ventilation duration [(24.33±4.42) d vs (8.58±1.09) d,(8.37±2.43) d],antibiotic use time [(19.21±4.37) d vs (8.34±2.54) d,(7.41±1.06) d],and ICU hospitalization time [(27.27±4.24) d vs (10.38±2.07) d,(9.44±0.79) d],all P＜0.05.Conclusions Treatment with HFNCO or NIV after extubation can effectively reduce the rates of extubation failure and reintubation,and improve the outcome of the mechanical ventilation.There is no difference in clinical efficiency between the NIV group and HFNCO group.However,compared with NIV,HFNCO can effectively reduce respiratory rate and avoid the retention of CO2,which has a wider application prospect in clinical practice.
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Objective To analyze the efficacy of gefitinib in the first-line and the second-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with different mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Methods The clinical data of 70 patients with advanced NSCLC harboring different EGFR mutations and taking gefitinib as the first-line or the second-line treatment in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 was analyzed retrospectively. According to the treatment method, the patients were divided into the first-line treatment group (36 cases) and the second-line treatment group (34 cases); according to the type of gene mutations, the patients were divided into exon 19 deletion group (EGFR gene exon 19 LREA deletion, 46 cases) and exon 21 mutation group (exon 21 L858R mutation, 24 cases). Progression-free survival (PFS), effective rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR) were observed in each group. Results Of the 70 evaluable patients, the median PFS time in patients with exon 19 LREA deletion was 8.88 months (95％ CI 7.72-10.04), and the median PFS time in patients with exon 21 L858R mutation was 8.67 months (95％ CI 7.17-10.17), the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.959). The ORR in patients with exon 19 LREA deletion was 69.6％ (32/46), and the ORR inpatients with exon 21 L858R mutation was 54.2％ (13/24), the difference was not statistically significant (χ 2= 1.629, P = 0.202). The DCR in patients with exon 19 LREA deletion was 84.8％ (39/46), and the DCR in patients with exon 21 L858R mutation was 91.7％ (22/24), the difference was not statistically significant (χ 2= 0.194, P = 0.659). The median PFS time in patients with the first-line treatment was 9.22 months (95％ CI 7.92-10.52), and the median PFS time in patients with the second-line treatment was 8.37 months (95％ CI 7.08-9.65), the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.507). The ORR in patients with the first-line treatment was 63.9％ (23/36), and the ORR in patients with the second-line treatment was 58.8％ (20/34), the difference was not statistically significant (χ 2 = 1.460, P = 0.227). The DCR in patients with the first-line treatment was 88.9％ (32/36), and the DCR in patients with the second-line treatment was 88.2％ (30/34), the difference was not statistical significant (χ 2 = 0.060, P = 0.940). Conclusion The short-term efficacy and PFS are similar between NSCLC patients with different mutations of EGFR or with the first-line and the second-line treatment with gefitinib.
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To analyze epidemical features, distribution and time trend for nasopharynx cancer deaths in China from 1987 to 2015. Methods: Negative binomial regression model was used to explore population-level risk factors for nasopharynx cancer deaths and a joinpoint regression model was used to estimate annual changes in nasopharynx cancer mortality in various populations. Results: A falling trend in age-standardized nasopharynx cancer mortality rates was observed among Chinese residents with the average annual percent change (AAPC) at -2.97% among urban female residents and -2.60% among rural female residents (P<0.05), -2.01% among urban male residents, and -1.68% among rural male residents (P<0.05), respectively. It decreased yearly for urban male aged over 85 years with AAPC at -1.54% and the age-specific mortality rates decreased yearly for the urban female aged over 85 years with AAPC at -0.60%, the age-specific mortality rates decreased yearly for rural male residents aged more than 65 years with AAPC at -0.56% and for rural female residents aged more than 85 with AAPC at 1.17%, with no significant difference (P<0.05). The nasopharynx cancer deaths risks were higher in urban residents than those in rural residents (OR=1.11, P<0.01), and they were also higher in male residents than those in female residents (OR=2.34, P<0.01). A 5-year increment in age was associated with a 23% increase in nasopharynx cancer mortality (OR=1.23, P<0.01) and a one year increment in calendar year was related to a 2% decrease in mortality (OR=0.98, P<0.01). Conclusion: There was a significant gender and age difference in a decreased trend of nasopharynx cancer mortality among Chinese residents in a long period; no increased trend was observed in the overall populations over 85 years old.
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Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Age Distribution , Age Factors , China , Epidemiology , Mortality , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Mortality , Rural Population , Sex Distribution , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the current situation for the mortality of Chinese female breast cancer and the trend of change in the past thirty years,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of breast cancer in China.Methods:The mortality data of breast cancer in Chinese female from 1987 to 2014 were collected,the trends of age-standardized rates and age-adjusted rates were described,and the variations via Joinpoint regression models were analyzed.Results:From 1987 to 2014,the mortality for the urban female breast cancer was greater than that for the rural females.There was a downward trend for urban women with an average decrease of 0.3％ for each year (P=0.06).While the average annual change for rural females showed an upward trend (AAPC=l.26％,P＜0.01).The gap between urban and rural females is narrowing gradually.The 40-59 age-adjusted rate for urban females decreased first and then it was increased with time moving forward.The mortality for rural females was continuously increased.Conclusion:From 1987 to 2014,the breast cancer mortality for urban females was overall higher than that for rural females.The mortality for rural females was continuously increased in the past years.The gap between urban and rural females is narrowing.We should pay specific attention to the prevention and treatment of breast cancer for the rural females.
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Retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) is a genetic distinct subgroup of exudative age-related macular degeneration which shows a rapid and severe vision loss and high recurrence rates.The pathophysiological mechanisms of RAP is unclear.Recent histopathologic study and en face optical coherence tomography angiography have furthered our understanding of RAP.Clinical features frequently associated with RAP include bilateral disease,presence of reticular pseudodrusen and pigment epithelial detachments.Indocyanine green angiography is the gold standard diagnostic tool.Recently,more and more accurate optical coherence tomography has improved the acknowledgement of stage and diagnosis of RAP.The treatment efficacy of RAP is highly dependent on the stage.Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is currently the first line of treatment.Other treatment options including combination of photodynamic therapy with antiangiogenic agent intravitreal injections also achieve a reasonable therapeutic outcome.There remain several important questions such as pathogenesis and treatment regimen,to be answered in future RAP research studies.
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Background and purpose: Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and poses a great threat to women's fitness. Monitoring its present status and variations over the past 3 decades could provide scientific basis for prevention and control strategies of cervical cancer in China. Methods: This study collected the mortality rates of cervical cancer data in Chinese women from 1987 to 2014, described the features and trends of age-standardized rates and truncated rates, and estimated the variations via joinpoint regression models. Results:The mortality rates of cervical cancer for rural women were roughly higher than those for urban women. It showed downward trends for both urban and rural women, and the average rate of decrease for rural women (AAPC=3.94％, P<0.01) was higher than that for urban women (AAPC=1.79％, P<0.01). The gap between urban and rural areas was narrowing, with urban rates exceeding rural rates after 2010. The mortality rates of cervical cancer increased with time for urban women aged from 30 to 54, decreased with time for the elderly urban women and all the rural women. Conclusion: The overall mortality rates of cervical cancer took a desirable turn in China over the past 3 decades, while the status for the middle-aged urban women was getting worse as well as the elderly in both urban and rural areas during the past 10 years.
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Objective To explore crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) in cerebral gliomas with three dimensional arterialspin-labeling (3D ASL) perfusion MRI.Methods The images of 31 patients with cerebral gliomas and 31 normal subjects were retrospectively analyzed.The cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured with 3D ASL technology,and the asymmetry index (AI) of cerebellar hemispheric CBF value changes were calculated and compared in patients.And the relationship between the AI values of cerebellar hemispheric and the AI values of tumor region in cerebral hemispheric,tumor histological grade and size were investigated.Results Compared with tumor ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere of supratentorial glioma,the CBF value of contralateral cerebellar hemisphere significantly reduced (t=5.04,P＜0.01),and the AI values of cerebellar hemispheric in patients obviously increased compared to normal subjects (t=4.13,P＜0.01).But there was no significant difference in the AI values of cerebellum between high grade and low grade gliomas (t=1.31,P＞0.05).In cerebral gliomas patients,there was no significant correlation between the AI values of cerebellar hemispheres and the AI values of cerebral hemisphere (tumor:r=-0.28;tumor parenchyma:r=-0.24;tumor plus edema:r=-0.19,all P＞0.05),and tumor size (r=0.18,P＞0.05).Conclusion Cerebral glioma can cause CCD phenomenon,and 3D ASL is able to quantitatively assess the degree of cerebellar hypoperfusion noninvasively.This phenomenon may not be associated with tumor histological grade,size and the AI values of cerebral hemispheric.
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In the last decade,many molecular targeted drugs,such as epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI),have been successively applied in clinical use,and they have brought about a substantial prolongation of survival life and improvement in life quality of those patients with lung adenocarcinoma,but that is not real in squamous cell lung cancer.Immunotherapy clinical trials for programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been started since 2012.In 2015,an anti-PD-1 antibody,nivolumab,was proved by FDA to treat advanced squamous NSCLC with progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy.This article reviews the recent advantages in the treatment of advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma.
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Objective To investigate the effective connectivity of limbic circuit in patients with major depressive disorder when they recognized dynamic positive face expressions,aiming to discuss the possible mechanism of emotion processing in depressed patients.Methods Eighteen depressive patients and eighteen well-matched healthy control volunteers participated in the experiment.All subjects were asked to recognize the emotion face during the magnetoencephalograph (MEG) scanning.The regions of interested (ROI) brain areas included the orbital frontal cortex (OFC),the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC),the amygdala (AMYG),the hippocampus and the insula.The MEG data were preprocessed by the SPM8 software and further analyzed by the Granger casual model (GCM).The non-parameter permutation was used to compare the value of effective connectivity between the healthy controls and the depressed patients.Results Compared with healthy controls,the effective connectivity from the ACC to the AMYG (P=0.0052),from the OFC to the AMYG(P=0.0046),from the Hippocampus to the ACC (P=0.0016),and from the ACC to the Hippocampus (P=0.0042)was significantly reduced in depressed patients.Conclusion The depressed patients display decreased interaction of the limbic circuit during the happy facial emotion processing,indicating that the depressed patients are unable to deal with the positive stimuli,and to certain extent,explaining the abnormal neuropathophysiological mechanism of positive stimuli in MDD.